GEO DATA

Data Articles

Species Distribution Model-based Habitat Change Projections of the Kelp Species, Ecklonia cava under SSP Scenarios: Sun Kyeong Choi, Seonggil Go, Sang Rul Park; Received April 8, 2025 Accepted May 8, 2025 Published online May 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2025.0009 [Epub ahead of print]

84 View
12 Download

Abstract PDF: The main kelp forest-forming alga Ecklonia cava (E. cava), plays an important role in coastal ecosystems of South Korea. Despite this coastal ecological importance, there is a lack of research on the prediction of macroalgal distribution. In this study, we examined the distribution of E. cava recorded since 1955 and predicted distribution changes starting from 2000, under different climate change scenarios (SSP1-1.9 and SSP5-8.5) using the species distribution model (MAXENT). It reported that E. cava has expanded its range to 38°N latitude since 2000. We found seawater temperature, primary productivity and seawater velocity were controlling factors that determine the habitat of E. cava. Under the low emissions scenario (SSP1-1.9), the habitat suitability and distribution of suitable habitats did not show significant changes. While, under the high emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), a decline in the southern distribution and an expansion of the northern distribution was predicted. In particular, most of the current habitats of E. cava were found to have decreased habitat suitability, thus the existing population of the species in South Korea may experience a sharp decline. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing sustainable conservation measures to maintain coastal ecosystems of rocky shore in South Korea.

Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Camellia japonica in South Korea under SSP Scenarios: Jaeho Lee, Sungsoo Yoon, Jaeseok Lee, Changwan Seo; GEO DATA. 2024;6(4):400-410. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0058

330 View
33 Download

Abstract PDF: Climate change presents significant challenges to the habitat suitability of Camellia japonica, a key species in East Asian ecosystems. This study evaluated the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of Camellia japonica in South Korea using species distribution models (SDMs) and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). Eleven SDMs, including an ensemble model weighted mean (EMW), were applied to predict habitat suitability from 2010 to 2070. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC), true skill statistics (TSS), and Kappa statistics, with EMW achieving the highest accuracy (ROC mean, 0.941), validating its reliability for integrated predictions. Bioclimatic variables, specifically mean diurnal range (BIO2) and annual precipitation (BIO12), were identified as the most influential factors driving habitat suitability. Under low-emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5), Camellia japonica habitats remained stable or showed slight expansion, maintaining suitability across coastline and central inland regions. Under high-emission scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), Its habitat is expected to expand more rapidly and extensively across the eastern coastline and inland regions. Habitat shifts towards higher altitudes were observed across all scenarios, suggesting potential refugia in mountainous regions. This study highlights the vulnerability of Camellia japonica to climate change and the critical need for emission reduction policies to mitigate habitat loss. The findings provide actionable insights for conservation planning, emphasizing adaptive management strategies, such as preserving high-altitude refuges and restoring lowland habitats. Future research should incorporate additional ecological factors and higher-resolution datasets to refine predictions and guide sustainable biodiversity conservation efforts.

Predicting Habitat Changes and Vulnerability of Climate-sensitive Insects under SSP Scenarios: Jaeho Lee, Jin Lee, Sungsoo Yoon, Jaeseok Lee, Changwan Seo; GEO DATA. 2024;6(4):365-376. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0057

257 View
21 Download

Abstract PDF: Climate change significantly impacts the distribution and habitat suitability of insects, particularly those highly sensitive to environmental fluctuations. This study evaluated the habitat changes of 12 climate-sensitive insect species in South Korea under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, using random forest (RF) models. Bioclimatic variables, including annual mean temperature (BIO1) and annual precipitation (BIO12), were identified as key contributors to habitat suitability changes. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values exceeding 0.8 for five species, such as Papilio helenus and Argynnis hyperbius, while six species, including Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum, exhibited lower predictability due to data distribution challenges. The results revealed that SSP2-4.5 allowed more stable or expanding habitats for certain species, such as Argynnis hyperbius and Lampides boeticus, where habitat areas significantly increased by 2070. In contrast, SSP5-8.5 showed drastic habitat reductions for most species, including Camponotus kiusiuensis and Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum, with some habitats shrinking by over 90% by 2090. The study underscores the importance of climate variables, with temperature and precipitation consistently influencing habitat changes across species. This research provides critical insights into the ecological risks posed by climate change and emphasizes the necessity of mitigation strategies. While some species demonstrate adaptive potential under moderate scenarios, others face severe vulnerabilities under extreme climate conditions. These findings offer valuable guidance for biodiversity conservation and policy-making, highlighting the need for integrated approaches that account for non-climatic factors such as land-use changes.

Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Subalpine Plant Habitat Suitability in South Korea Using SSP Scenarios: Jaeho Lee, Sungsoo Yoon, Jaeseok Lee, Changwan Seo; GEO DATA. 2024;6(4):354-364. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0055

336 View
26 Download

Abstract PDF: This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on the habitat suitability of eight subalpine plant species in South Korea under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. Using high-resolution climate data and random forest-based species distribution models (SDMs), we predicted habitat changes between 2010 and 2090s. Key bioclimatic variables, including annual mean temperature (BIO1) and annual precipitation (BIO12), were identified as primary drivers of habitat shifts. SSP5-8.5 scenarios resulted in significant habitat losses and upward altitudinal shifts, with species such as Pinus pumila and Abies nephrolepis losing all suitable habitats by 2090s. In contrast, SSP1-2.6 indicated more stable conditions, preserving habitats for species like Abies holophylla and Taxus cuspidata, highlighting the potential benefits of emission reduction efforts. This study underscores the urgent need for adaptive conservation strategies and robust emission mitigation policies to protect high-risk species and regions, safeguarding subalpine biodiversity. These findings provide a scientific foundation for policymakers to design sustainable biodiversity conservation strategies and foster climate resilience in subalpine ecosystems.

Constructing the Spatial Data to Forecast Potential Habitat for Amphibians and Reptiles under Climate Change: Man-Seok Shin, Sung-Ryong Kang, Bo-Ra Kim; GEO DATA. 2024;6(4):208-225. Published online December 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0028

721 View
36 Download

Abstract PDF: In this study, distribution data and environmental information for predicting the potential habitat of amphibians and reptiles in South Korea were compiled. The distribution data of amphibians and reptiles include nationwide surveys conducted by the National Institute of Ecology (seven surveys) and the Korea National Park Service (one survey). The distribution data are based on 57,777 locations for 35 species. Environmental information related to the habitat of amphibians and reptiles was constructed from 19 bioclimatic variables related to climate and four spatial variables related to geographic factors, and 19 bioclimatic variables for the future (2020-2090) were constructed using the results of SSP scenarios. In addition, species distribution models (MaxEnt) were used to predict current and future potential habitat for 28 amphibian and reptile species with more than 50 survey sites. The model validation values for the 28 species ranged from 0.717 to 0.987. These data have the potential to inform conservation strategies in response to climate change by spatially identifying current and future potential habitat for amphibians and reptiles.

A Dataset for Species Distribution Modelling of Mangroves in Vietnam: Based on the National Forest Inventory Monitoring: Sungsoo Yoon, Nguyen Duy Liem, Le Hoang Tu, Nguyen Kim Loi; GEO DATA. 2024;6(3):150-158. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0022

1,704 View
60 Download

Abstract PDF: Mangroves provides essential ecosystem services such as protection of coastal areas, carbon sequestration, and habitat provision for diverse species in coastal ecosystems. Species distribution models (SDMs) are powerful tools for predicting the potential distribution of mangrove species, which support impact assessments of climate changes on biodiversity and ecological functions of mangrove ecosystems. A comprehensive dataset for mangrove occurrence information derived from the Forest Inventory Map of Vietnam was designed to facilitate the building and projection of SDMs. The prediction data designed for training SDMs integrates ecological information including 701 field survey-based mangrove occurrences at the genus level and 21 environmental variables such as bioclimatic variables, digital elevation model and soil properties with 1 km spatial resolution. The projection data for provide sets of predictors aligned with four shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios representing two future periods to support the projection of SDM results under future climate conditions in Vietnam. This dataset serves as a valuable ecological information resource, enabling the modeling and predicting of potential mangrove habitats and distributions for the protection and restoration of mangroves in Vietnam under changing environmental conditions.

Original Paper

Research on the Vegetation Distribution around Wando Arboretum using Aerial Hyperspectral Imaging-Lidar: Dukyeop Kim, Junghyun Lee, Nam-Shin Kim; GEO DATA. 2023;5(4):339-346. Published online December 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2023.0047

795 View
39 Download

Abstract PDF: The average temperature of the Korean Peninsula over the past 30 years has risen 1.4°C compared to the early 20th century (1912-1941), exceeding the global temperature increase trend. Vegetation responds very sensitively to climate change. Changes in phenological response, such as fall fliage, fruiting time of vascular plants, and appearance of insects, have occurred. Areas around Wando Arboretum, the target area of this study, belongs to the subtropical climate zone. In this study, we aimed to provide basic data for systematic management of biological resources through out the survey of vegetation distribution in the area around Wando Arboretum where warm-temperate plants distribute, using hyperspectral imaging- LiDAR. As a result of converting the classification images of individual information using hyperspectral images and Lidar into objects by vegetation correlation, a total of 27 classifications were confirmed with 18 families, 24 species, and three varieties. In addition, a total of 29,884 individuals were identified.

Articles

Bioclimatic Variables in South Korea under Climate Change SSP Scenario: Man-Seok Shin, Heenam Yoon; GEO DATA. 2021;3(4):57-65. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/DJ2021.3.4.008

2,229 View
61 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

In this study, bioclimatic variables in 2100 were created by using 7 Global Climate Models (GCMs) predicted by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenario. Using the dismo package of the R program, 19 bioclimatic variables of the year 2100 were generated. The annual mean temperature in 2100 has risen the most compared to the present (2000). Bioclimatic variables can be mainly used in the Species Distribution Model and Ecological Modeling to predict the distribution of species.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Analysis of Spatial Suitable Habitats of Four Subspecies of Hippophae rhamnoides in China Based on the MaxEnt Model
Mengyao He, Fanyan Ma, Junjie Ding, Panxin Niu, Cunkai Luo, Mei Wang, Ping Jiang
Plants.2025; 14(11): 1682. CrossRef
Constructing the Spatial Data to Forecast Potential Habitat for Amphibians and Reptiles under Climate Change
Man-Seok Shin, Sung-Ryong Kang, Bo-Ra Kim
GEO DATA.2024; 6(4): 208. CrossRef

Occurrence data of southern butterflies in South Korea: Hyun Woo Kim, Youngho Cho, Pradeep Adhikari, Ja-Young Jeon, Yong-gu Han, Changwan Seo; GEO DATA. 2020;2(1):1-6. Published online February 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/DJ2020.01.01.001

1,623 View
31 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Background
In Northern hemisphere, climate change has shifted the habitats of many species including butterflies into the northern regions. Many researchers in Europe and North America have reported this type of northward shift of butterflies. Thus, we collected the species occurrence data of southern butterflies and presented in this study for understanding the impact of climate change on the southern butterflies in the future.
New information: This study presents the 456 occurrence data of nine southern butterflies under five families in Korea. These data were selected from the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey (NES) conducted by National Institute of Environment Research (NIER) in Korea. Those will be a part of input data for MOTIVE-Ecosystem model, an integrative model to understand the influence of climate change and land cover change on the habitat suitability of sensitive, native and invasive species. These data will be important to the researchers and conservation agencies for understanding the current conditions of southern butterflies and developing conservation policy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Northward Range Expansion of Southern Butterflies According to Climate Change in South Korea
Pradeep Adhikari, Ja-Young Jeon, Hyun Woo Kim, Hong-Shik Oh, Prabhat Adhikari, Changwan Seo
Journal of Climate Change Research.2020; 11(6-1): 643. CrossRef

Meteorological and sea surface water measurement data from Icebreaker Research Vessel ARAON for 2010-2019 Arctic research expeditions: Dongseob Shin, Suhwan Kim, HyungGyu Choi, Dongchan Joo; GEO DATA. 2019;1(1):1-6. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/DJ2019.01.01.001

795 View
28 Download

Abstract PDF: Despite of its economic and scientific significances with mineral resources, the Northern Sea Routes, and climate change, the Arctic Ocean has been a challenge for long-term continuous environmental observations. Since its inception in 2009, the ice-breaker research vessel ARAON has been conducting an annual expedition in the Arctic Ocean for the last 10 years from 2010. All the Arctic expeditions have been carried out mainly in August-September when the sea ice extent shrinks and the thickness becomes relatively thin around the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and high latitudes over the Russia, the US, and Canada. IBRV ARAON can conduct research activities through a variety of research equipment such as on-board meteorological data and surface temperature & salinity monitoring data of seawater. In this study, meteorological observation elements including solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction are presented. In addition, sea surface water temperature and salinity monitoring elements including water temperature, salinity, conductivity, and sound speed are presented.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search