Eunsu Park; Sangyoung Park; Sohee Kim; Eunjin Kim; Hwa-Yong Lee; Ju-Kyeong Eo

doi:10.22761/GD.2024.0037

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The Funga of Higher Fungi of Mountain Minjuji in Korea: Eunsu Park¹, Sangyoung Park², Sohee Kim², Eunjin Kim³, Hwa-Yong Lee^4,*, Ju-Kyeong Eo^5,*; GEO DATA 2024;6(4):330-339.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/GD.2024.0037
Published online: December 31, 2024

¹Researcher, Ecological Technology Research Team, Division of Ecological Applications Research, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, 33657 Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea

²Graduate Student, Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, 28644 Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea

³Postdoctoral Student, Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, 28644 Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea

⁴Associate Professor, Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, 28644 Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea

⁵Senior Researcher, Ecological Technology Research Team, Division of Ecological Applications Research, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseomyeon, Seocheon-gun, 33657 Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea

Corresponding Authors Hwa-Yong Lee Tel: +82-43-261-2537 E-mail: leehy@chungbuk.ac.kr

Ju-Kyeong Eo Tel: +82-41-950-5634 E-mail: abiesendo@gmail.com

*These authors contributed equally to this work.

• Received: October 7, 2024 • Revised: November 26, 2024 • Accepted: December 1, 2024

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Investigation of fungal diversity for mycofabrication
3. Results and discussion
Notes
References
Appendix

Abstract

In this study, we conducted basic research on the classification and ecology of higher fungi as part of the 2023 biomimicry research. These fungal strains will be used in mycofabrication research for the development of textile materials. We investigated the biodiversity of higher fungi in Mountain Minjuji from May to October 2023. We identified two divisions, seven classes, 19 orders, 52 families, 95 genera, and 181 species of fungi. We divided the Ascomycota strains into four classes, seven orders, 12 families, 14 genera, and 17 species, and the Basidiomycota strains into three classes, 12 orders, 39 families, 81 genera, and 164 species. The top three most frequently discovered taxa were Russula Pers., with a total of 19 species identified, followed by Amanita Pers., with 12 species, and Lactarius Pers., with 11 species. Our results provide basic data on the higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji and will assist with fungal monitoring research.
Keywords: Biomimicry, Fungi, Higher fungi, Korea, Mountain Minjuji

1. Introduction

Biomimicry is the emulation of living organisms and ecosystems. It entails analyzing natural phenomena and understanding ecosystem working principles. Through these efforts, biomimicry research seeks to enrich human life by reflecting these principles for mankind (Choi and Moon, 2014). The National Institute of Ecology under the Ministry of Environment of Korea began biomimicry research in 2016 to realize a sustainable society. Our biomimicry research is largely divided into two parts. First, development of a biomimicry knowledge database (DB), a user-tailored DB to promote technology development, and second, basic and applied research on the structure and function of living organisms and ecosystems and their principles. In our basic and applied research, we are developing textile materials using fungal hyphae. In order to identify appropriate fungal strains for textiles, we investigated the biodiversity of higher fungi on Mountain Minjuji.

Mycofabrication is gaining attention as an innovative technology that can positively impact ecosystems. The selection of strains for mycofabrication is important. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the biodiversity of fungi in the natural environment to identify appropriate strains. Mountain Minjuji is located on the border of Yeongdong-gun, Muju-gun, and Gimcheonsi. It is about 1,242 m altitude, and the forest area is well preserved, making it a suitable area for collecting various mushrooms. Therefore, in 2023, we conducted a biodiversity survey of the higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji. We collected samples that form visible fruiting bodies and determined the distribution of higher fungi.
2.1 Methods: This survey was conducted along the Mulhan Valley of Mountain Minjuji. The host plants and the surrounding environment were inspected, and the color and shape of the fruiting bodies were observed. The higher fungi were identified according to macroscopic traits, such as the shape and color of caps, structure of stems, and microscopic traits, such as the shape of spores. For the identification of higher fungi, Korean mushrooms (Park and Lee, 2010) and Japanese mushrooms (Imazeki, 2011) were referenced. Data were collected according to the standards and quality control procedures of EcoBank, a comprehensive ecological information system of the National Institute of Ecology.
2.2 Temporal coverage: The data used in this study were the biodiversity survey results of higher fungi in Mountain Minjuji obtained from May to October 2023.
2.3 Spatial coverage: Mountain Minjuji is 1,242 m above sea level and is located on the border of Yeongdong-gun, Muju-gun, and Gimcheon-si. There is a relatively deep valley in Mountain Minjuji, and most of the valley water flows northward into the Mulhan Valley. Mountain Minjuji has outstanding natural characteristics (Kim et al., 2006). While the natural features of Mountain Minjuji have received extensive study, the fungi of the mountain have received less attention. Therefore, this study investigated the diversity of higher fungi in four forest communities distributed along the hiking trails of the Mulhan Valley (Fig. 1).

3. Results and discussion

In 2023, 52 families, 95 genera, and 182 species were identified during the investigation of the higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji (Table 1). The investigated higher fungi were divided into mycorrhizal, saprobic, and parasitic and organized according to the number of genera. Sixteen families, 31 genera, and 100 species of mycorrhizal fungi were found. Among them, three genera and 34 species in Russulaceae accounted for the highest proportion. In addition, nine genera and 10 species belonged to Boletaceae, three genera and six species belonged to Inocybaceae, three genera and five species belonged to Cortinariaceae, two genera and 22 species belonged to Clavariaceae, two genera and five species belonged to Hygrophoraceae, one genus and 12 species belonged to Amanitaceae, one genus and seven species belonged to Entolomataceae, one genus and six species belonged to Suillaceae, one genus and four species belonged to Hydnangiaceae, one genus and three species belonged to Helvellaceae, one genus and two species belonged to Gomphaceae and Hydnaceae, and one genus and one species belonged to Clavulinaceae and Thelephoraceae. Saprobic fungi belonging to 35 families, 60 genera, and 75 species were found. Among them, three genera and 11 species in Mycenaceae accounted for the highest proportion. In addition, seven genera and seven species belonged to Polyporaceae, five genera and six species belonged to Agaricaceae, four genera and four species belonged to Strophariaceae, three genera and four species belonged to Marasimiaceae, three genera and three species belonged to Auriculariaceae, Psathyrellaceae and Tricholomataceae, two genera and four species belonged to Omphalotaceae, two genera and three species belonged to Stereaceae, two genera and two species belonged to Tapinellaceae, one genus and two species belonged to Dacrymycetaceae and Pluteaceae, and one genus and one species belonged to each of Auriscalpiaceae, Chlorociboriaceae, Cudoniaceae, Dermateaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Geastraceae, Helotiaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Lachnaceae, Leotiaceae, Meripilaceae, Pleurotaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Tremellaceae, Typhulaceae, and Xylariaceae. Parasitic mushrooms belonging to five families, five genera, and six species were found. Of these, four families, Physalacriaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Trichocomaceae, and Cordycipitaceae, had one genus and one species. Ophiocordycipitaceae had one genus and two species (Fig. 2).

In the survey of the forest floor, 91 species were found in the broad-leaf forest, 73 species in the Japanese red pine forest, 33 species in the Japanese larch forest, and 61 species in the Korean pine forest. The most common species found were Perenniporia medulla-panis in broad-leaf forests, Lactarius fulvescens in Korean red pine forests, Tyromyces schweinitzii in Japanese larch forests, and Lactifluus holophyllus and Calycina citrina in Korean pine forests (Table 1).

Finally, the survey identified 182 fungal species, revealing a high level of biodiversity for mycelium-based applications. Notably, species from the Pleurotus and Trametes genera, identified in this survey, are being explored internationally as potential alternatives to building materials and plastics (Alemu et al., 2022). Further researches such as mycelium growth rates and substrate optimization etc. are expected to help address sustainability challenges.

Notes

Conflict of Interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Funding Information

This study was financially supported by the National Institute of Ecology under project numbers NIE-B-2023-18 and 2024-19 and the Ministry of Environment of Korea as basic ecological research.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in EcoBank at https://doi.or.kr/10.22756/GEO.20240000000884.

Fig. 1.

Map of the research site at Mountain Minjuji (shown as a red circle in the inset). The site is located on the border of Yeongdong-gun, Mujugun, and Gimcheon-si. Each dot represents a sample, and the color indicates the forest type. (A) Broad-leaved forest (Quercus sp.) (a) and Korean red pine forest (Pinus densiflora ) (b), (B) Japanese larch forest (Larix kaempferi ) (c) and Korean pine forest (Pinus koraiensis ) (d).

Fig. 2.

Families of higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji, Korea. The proportion of samples from each family is shown. The top three families were Russulaceae (34 species, 18.7%), Amanitaceae (12 species, 6.6%), and Mycenaceae (11 species, 6.1%).

Table 1.

List of macrofungal species collected from mongolian oak forest in Mountain Minjuji

No	Family name	Scientific name	Korean name	Forest flora
1	Agaricaceae	Agaricus silvaticus	숲주름버섯^a)	PK
2		Agaricus subrutilescnes	진갈색주름버섯^a)	PD
3		Cyathus striatus	주름찻잔버섯^a)	PK
4		Lepiota cristata	갈색고리갓버섯^a)	LK
5		Lycoperdon perlatum	말불버섯^a)	PK
6		Nidula niveotomentosa	새둥지버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK
7	Amanitaceae	Amanita abrupta	양파광대버섯^b)	Q
8		Amanita caesareoides	붉은달걀광대버섯^b)	PD
9		Amanita citrina	애광대버섯^b)	PD
10		Amanita griseofarinosa	잿빛가루광대버섯^b)	PK
11		Amanita oberwinkleriana	흰주머니광대버섯^b)	PD, Q
12		Amanita orientifulva	동양고동색광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
13		Amanita pallidorosea	담색장미광대버섯^b)	PD, PK
14		Amanita pantherina	마귀광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
15		Amanita rubescens	붉은점박이광대버섯^b)	PD
16		Amanita spissacea	뱀껍질광대버섯^b)	PK
17		Amanita virosa	독우산광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
18		Amanita volvata	큰주머니광대버섯^b)	PK, Q
19	Clavariaceae	Clavulinopsis fusiformis	노란창싸리버섯^b)	PD
20		Ramariopsis kunzei	쇠뜨기버섯^b)	Q
21	Cortinariaceae	Cortinarius alboviolaceus	흰보라끈적버섯^b)	PK, Q
22		Cortinarius anomalus	회갈색끈적버섯^b)	PD, Q
23		Cortinarius pseudosalor	가지색끈적버섯아재비^b)	Q
24		Descolea flavoannulata	노란턱돌버섯^b)	Q
25		Thaxterogaster purpurascens	풍선끈적버섯^b)	PD, Q
26	Crepidotaceae	Crepidotus badiofloccosus	노랑털귀버섯^a)	PK
27		Crepidotus mollis	귀버섯^a)	Q
28	Entolomataceae	Entoloma album	흰주머니꼭지외대버섯^b)	PK
29		Entoloma ameides	흰주머니갈색외대버섯^b)	Q
30		Entoloma coelestinum	군청색외대버섯^b)	PD
31		Entoloma kujuense	남보라외대버섯^b)	PD
32		Entoloma rhodopolium	삿갓외대버섯^b)	PD, Q
33		Entoloma sarcopum	외대덧버섯^b)	PD, Q
34		Entoloma violaceum	보라꽃외대버섯^b)	Q
35	Hydnangiaceae	Laccaria bicolor	큰졸각버섯^b)	Q
36		Laccaria japonica	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
37		Laccaria parva	국명 미정^b,c)	PK, Q
38		Laccaria vinaceoavellanea	색시졸각버섯^b)	PK
39	Hygrophoraceae	Hygrocybe cantharellus	화병꽃버섯^b)	PD, Q
40		Hygrocybe conica	꽃버섯^b)	PD
41		Hygrocybe flavescens	노란대꽃버섯^b)	PD
42		Hygrophorus camarophyllus	노란구름벚꽃버섯^b)	LK
43		Hygrophorus lucorum	노란털벚꽃버섯^b)	LK
44	Inocybaceae	Inocybe cincinnata	곱슬머리땀버섯^b)	Q
45		Inocybe lacera	비듬땀버섯^b)	PK
46		Inocybe squamulosa	비늘땀버섯^b)	Q
47		Inosperma cookei	단발머리땀버섯^b)	PK
48	Marasmiaceae	Marasmius brunneospermus	홍릉낙엽버섯^a)	PK
49		Marasmius maximus	큰낙엽버섯^a)	PK
50		Megacollybia clitocyboidea	깔대기큰솔버섯^a)	PD
51		Rhodocollybia butyracea	버터철쭉버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK, Q
52	Mycenaceae	Mycena capillaris	실애주름버섯^a)	Q
53		Mycena chlorophos	받침애주름버섯^a)	LK, PD
54		Mycena flos-nivium	흰주머니털애주름버섯^a)	LK, Q
55		Mycena galericulata	콩나물애주름버섯^a)	PD
56		Mycena haematopus	적갈색애주름버섯^a)	Q
57		Mycena pelianthina	졸각애주름버섯^a)	LK
58		Mycena polygramma	세로줄애주름버섯^a)	Q
59		Mycena pura	맑은애주름버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK, Q
60		Mycena stylobates	빨판애주름버섯^a)	LK, Q
61		Roridomyces roridus	점질버섯^a)	PD, Q
62		Xeromphalina cauticinalis	가랑잎이끼살이버섯^a)	LK, PD
63	Omphalotaceae	Collybiopsis confluens	밀꽃애기버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
64		Collybiopsis peronata	가랑잎꽃애기버섯^a)	PD, PK
65		Gymnopus dryophilus	굽은꽃애기버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
66		Gymnopus erythropus	선녀꽃애기버섯^a)	PD
67	Physalacriaceae	Desarmillaria tabescens	뽕나무버섯부치^d)	PD, PK
68	Pleurotaceae	Pleurotus pulmonarius	산느타리^a)	PD
69	Pluteaceae	Pluteus cervinus	난버섯^a)	LK, Q
70		Pluteus petasatus	흰주머니난버섯^a)	PD
71	Psathyrellaceae	Candolleomyces candolleanus	족제비눈물버섯^a)	PK
72		Coprinellus micaceus	갈색먹물버섯^a)	Q
73		Psathyrella obtusata	애기눈물버섯^a)	Q
74	Strophariaceae	Gymnopilus liquiritiae	미치광이버섯^a)	PK
75		Hypholoma fasciculare	노란개암버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
76		Pholiota tuberculosa	큰머리비늘버섯^a)	PD, PK
77		Pyrrhulomyces astragalinus	개암비늘버섯^a)	LK, PK
78	Tricholomataceae	Clitocybe fragrans	흰주머니삿갓깔때기버섯^a)	PK
79		Infundibulicybe gibba	혹깔때기버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
80		Tricholoma psammopus	치악송이^b)	LK
81		Tricholoma ustale	담갈색송이^b)	PK, Q
82		Tricholomopsis flammula	다홍솔버섯^a)	PK
83	Typhulaceae	Typhula setipes	절반부들국수버섯^a)	PD
84	Auriculariaceae	Auricularia cornea	뿔목이^a)	LK
85		Exidia thuretiana	뭉게좀목이^a)	Q
86		Heterochaete delica	미세돌기목이^a)	LK
87	Boletaceae	Boletus auripes	수원그물버섯^b)	Q
88		Boletus hiratsukae	흑갈색그물버섯^b)	PD
89		Hortiboletus rubellus	황갈색해그물버섯^b)	PD
90		Retiboletus nigerrimus	검은망그물버섯^b)	PD
91		Strobilomyces confusus	털귀신그물버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
92		Sutorius eximius	은빛쓴맛그물버섯^b)	PD
93		Tylopilus neofelleus	제주쓴맛그물버섯^b)	Q
94		Xanthoconium affine	황금씨그물버섯^b)	PD, PK
95		Xerocomellus chrysenteron	해그물버섯^b)	PD, Q
96		Xerocomus subtomentosus	산그물버섯^b)	PK
97	Suillaceae	Suillus americanus	끈적비단그물버섯^b)	PK
98		Suillus bovinus	황소비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PD
99		Suillus granulatus	젖비단그물버섯^b)	PK
100		Suillus grevillei	큰비단그물버섯^b)	LK
101		Suillus luteus	비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PD
102		Suillus viscidus	녹슬은비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PK
103	Tapinellaceae	Pseudomerulius aureus	주름버짐버섯^a)	PK
104		Tapinella panuoides	은행잎버섯^a)	PD
105	Clavulinaceae	Clavulina rugosa	주름볏싸리버섯^b)	PD
106	Hydnaceae	Cantharellus cibarius	꾀꼬리버섯^b)	PD, Q
107		Cantharellus minor	애기꾀꼬리버섯^b)	Q
108	Geastraceae	Geastrum fimbriatum	테두리방귀버섯^a)	PD
109	Gomphaceae	Ramaria flava	노랑싸리버섯^b)	Q
110		Ramaria formosa	붉은싸리버섯^b)	Q
111	Hymenochaetaceae	Hymenochaete xerantica	금빛진흙버섯^a)	PD, PK,
112	Fomitopsidaceae	Climacocystis borealis	물렁시루버섯^a)	Q
113	Fomitopsidaceae	Tyromyces schweinitzii	해면버섯^d)	LK
114	Meripilaceae	Loweomyces fractipes	편심구멍버섯^a)	PD, PK
115	Polyporaceae	Phaeolus roseoalbus	장미자색구멍버섯^a)	Q
116		Cerioporus varius	노란대구멍장이버섯^a)	LK, Q
117		Lentinus brumalis	겨울구멍장이버섯^a)	PD, Q
118		Microporus affinis	메꽃버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
119		Perenniporia medulla-panis	흰주머니구멍버섯^a)	Q
120		Trametes versicolor	구름송편버섯^a)	LK, Q
121		Trichaptum biforme	테옷솔버섯^a)	Q
122	Polyporaceae	Trichaptum chioneus	개떡버섯^a)	Q
123	Auriscalpiaceae	Lentinellus ursinus	갈색털느타리^a)	PD
124	Russulaceae	Lactarius akahatsu	피젖버섯^b)	PD
125		Lactarius alboroseus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
126		Lactarius citrinus	레몬젖버섯^b)	Q
127		Lactarius controversus	쌈젖버섯^b)	PK
128		Lactarius fulvescens	국명 미정^b,c)	PD
129		Lactarius gerardii	애기젖버섯^b)	Q
130		Lactarius hatsudake	젖버섯아재비^b)	PD, PK
131		Lactarius lutescens	울금젖버섯^b)	PD, PK
132		Lactarius orientaliquietus	동양향기젖버섯^b)	PD, PK
133		Lactarius porniniae	낙엽송젖버섯^b)	LK
134		Lactarius violascens	잿빛젖버섯^b)	Q
135		Lactifluus curvativus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
136		Lactifluus holophyllus	전나무털젖버섯^b)	PK
137		Lactifluus orientivellereus	국명 미정^b,c)	PD
138		Lactifluus orientivolemus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
139		Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides	넓은갓털젖버섯아재비^b)	LK, Q
140		Russula aeruginea	구릿빛무당버섯^b)	PD, PK
141		Russula alboareolata	목련무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
142		Russula albonigra	검은무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
143		Russula atropurpurea	참무당버섯^b)	Q
144		Russula bella	수원무당버섯^b)	LK, PD, PK, Q
145		Russula compacta	담갈색무당버섯^b)	PD
146		Russula cyanoxantha	청머루무당버섯^b)	Q
147		Russula emetica	무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
148		Russula flavida	노랑무당버섯^b)	Q
149		Russula foetens	깔때기무당버섯^b)	LK, PK
150		Russula nigricans	절구무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
151		Russula rosea	졸각무당버섯^b)	Q
152		Russula sanguinaria	혈색무당버섯^b)	PD, PK
153		Russula senecis	흙무당버섯^b)	PD
154		Russula sororia	회갈색무당버섯^b)	LK
155		Russula vesca	조각무당버섯^b)	Q
156		Russula virescens	기와버섯^b)	PK
157		Russula xerampelina	포도무당버섯^b)	PK
158	Stereaceae	Stereum ostrea	갈색꽃구름버섯^a)	PD, Q
159		Stereum subtomentosum	갈색털꽃구름버섯^a)	Q
160		Xylobolus peculiare	껍질꽃구름버섯^a)	Q
161	Thelephoraceae	Thelephora palmata	단풍사마귀버섯^b)	PD
162	Dacrymycetaceae	Calocera cornea	황소아교뿔버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
163		Calocera viscosa	아교뿔버섯^a)	LK, PK
164	Tremellaceae	Phaeotremella foliacea	꽃흰주머니목이^a)	Q
165	Trichocomaceae	Paecilomyces variotii	눈꽃동충하초^d)	Q
166	Chlorociboriaceae	Chlorociboria aeruginascens	변형술잔녹청균^a)	PD
167	Cudoniaceae	Spathularia flavida	황금넓적콩나물버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
168	Dermateaceae	Chlorosplenium chlora	황녹청균^a)	PD
169	Helotiaceae	Calycina citrina	황색고무버섯^a)	PK
170	Hyaloscyphaceae	Lachnum rhytismatis	리트머스털컵버섯^a)	Q
171	Lachnaceae	Erioscyphella abnormis	양털컵버섯^a)	Q
172	Sclerotiniaceae	Dicephalospora rufocornea	국명 미정^a,c)	LK, PD, Q
173	Leotiaceae	Leotia lubrica	콩두건버섯^a)	Q
174	Helvellaceae	Helvella elastica	긴대안장버섯^b)	Q
175		Helvella macropus	기둥안장버섯^b)	PD, Q
176		Helvella sublicia	덧술잔안장버섯^b)	Q
177	Cordycipitaceae	Cordyceps militaris	동충하초^d)	Q
178	Hypoxylaceae	Annulohypoxylon truncatum	검은팥버섯^a)	Q
179	Ophiocordycipitaceae	Ophiocordyceps nutans	노린재포식동충하초^d)	LK, PK
180		Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala	벌포식동충하초^d)	LK, PD, PK, Q
181	Xylariaceae	Xylaria hypoxylon	콩꼬투리버섯^a)	PD, Q

Korean names of the mushrooms were obtained from the national species list of Korea (NIBR, 2019) and index of Korean mushroom (Park and Lee, 2010).

PK, Pinus koraiensis; PD, Pinus densiflora; LK, Larix kaempferi; Q, Quercus sp.

^a) Saprophytic fungi;

^b) Mycorrhizal fungi;

^c) Reported as a scientific name because there is no current Korean name;

^d) Parasitic fungi.

References

Alemu D, Tafesse M, Mondal AK (2022) Mycelium-based composite: the future sustainable biomaterial. Int J Biomater 2022:8401528Article PubMed PMC PDF
Choi SK, Moon JM (2014) Research of biomimicry space design characteristic based on the ecological point of view. J Korea Design Forum 43:105–118
Imazeki R (2011) Nihon no kinoko. Yamatokeikokusha, Tokyo
Kim YY, Ji SJ, Ko EM, Jang CG, Oh BU (2006) Flora and present vegetation status of Minjujisan and its adjacent regions. Korean J Plant Reso 19(1):15–28
National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) (2019) National species list of Korea I: plants, fungi, algae, prokaryotes. NIBR, Incheon
Park WH, Lee HD (2010) Wild fungi of Korea. Kyohak, Seoul

Appendix

Appendix 1.

Meta Data for Dataset

Essential
Field		Sub-Category
Title of Dataset		Data on the Higher Fungi of Mt. Minjuji in Korea
DOI		https://doi.or.kr/10.22756/GEO.20240000000884
Category		Biota, Ecology
Temporal Coverage		2023.05.-2023.10.
Spatial Coverage	Address	Yeongdong-gun, Muju-gun, and Gimcheon-si (Mountain Minjuji)
	WGS84 Coordinates	[Latitude] 36.04-36.04
	WGS84 Coordinates	[Longitude] 127.87-127.87
Personnel	Name	Ju-Kyeong Eo
	Affiliation	National Institute of Ecology
	E-mail	abiesendo@gmail.com
CC License		CC BY-NC
Optional
Field		Sub-Category
Summary of Dataset		The funga of higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji in Korea
Project		Investigation of fungal diversity for mycofabrication
Instrument		Field survey

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The Funga of Higher Fungi of Mt. Jeombong in Korea: A Survey of Mongolian Oak Forest in 2017

The Funga of Higher Fungi of Mountain Minjuji in Korea

Fig. 1. Map of the research site at Mountain Minjuji (shown as a red circle in the inset). The site is located on the border of Yeongdong-gun, Mujugun, and Gimcheon-si. Each dot represents a sample, and the color indicates the forest type. (A) Broad-leaved forest (Quercus sp.) (a) and Korean red pine forest (Pinus densiflora ) (b), (B) Japanese larch forest (Larix kaempferi ) (c) and Korean pine forest (Pinus koraiensis ) (d).

Fig. 2. Families of higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji, Korea. The proportion of samples from each family is shown. The top three families were Russulaceae (34 species, 18.7%), Amanitaceae (12 species, 6.6%), and Mycenaceae (11 species, 6.1%).

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

The Funga of Higher Fungi of Mountain Minjuji in Korea

No	Family name	Scientific name	Korean name	Forest flora
1	Agaricaceae	Agaricus silvaticus	숲주름버섯^a)	PK
2		Agaricus subrutilescnes	진갈색주름버섯^a)	PD
3		Cyathus striatus	주름찻잔버섯^a)	PK
4		Lepiota cristata	갈색고리갓버섯^a)	LK
5		Lycoperdon perlatum	말불버섯^a)	PK
6		Nidula niveotomentosa	새둥지버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK
7	Amanitaceae	Amanita abrupta	양파광대버섯^b)	Q
8		Amanita caesareoides	붉은달걀광대버섯^b)	PD
9		Amanita citrina	애광대버섯^b)	PD
10		Amanita griseofarinosa	잿빛가루광대버섯^b)	PK
11		Amanita oberwinkleriana	흰주머니광대버섯^b)	PD, Q
12		Amanita orientifulva	동양고동색광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
13		Amanita pallidorosea	담색장미광대버섯^b)	PD, PK
14		Amanita pantherina	마귀광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
15		Amanita rubescens	붉은점박이광대버섯^b)	PD
16		Amanita spissacea	뱀껍질광대버섯^b)	PK
17		Amanita virosa	독우산광대버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
18		Amanita volvata	큰주머니광대버섯^b)	PK, Q
19	Clavariaceae	Clavulinopsis fusiformis	노란창싸리버섯^b)	PD
20		Ramariopsis kunzei	쇠뜨기버섯^b)	Q
21	Cortinariaceae	Cortinarius alboviolaceus	흰보라끈적버섯^b)	PK, Q
22		Cortinarius anomalus	회갈색끈적버섯^b)	PD, Q
23		Cortinarius pseudosalor	가지색끈적버섯아재비^b)	Q
24		Descolea flavoannulata	노란턱돌버섯^b)	Q
25		Thaxterogaster purpurascens	풍선끈적버섯^b)	PD, Q
26	Crepidotaceae	Crepidotus badiofloccosus	노랑털귀버섯^a)	PK
27		Crepidotus mollis	귀버섯^a)	Q
28	Entolomataceae	Entoloma album	흰주머니꼭지외대버섯^b)	PK
29		Entoloma ameides	흰주머니갈색외대버섯^b)	Q
30		Entoloma coelestinum	군청색외대버섯^b)	PD
31		Entoloma kujuense	남보라외대버섯^b)	PD
32		Entoloma rhodopolium	삿갓외대버섯^b)	PD, Q
33		Entoloma sarcopum	외대덧버섯^b)	PD, Q
34		Entoloma violaceum	보라꽃외대버섯^b)	Q
35	Hydnangiaceae	Laccaria bicolor	큰졸각버섯^b)	Q
36		Laccaria japonica	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
37		Laccaria parva	국명 미정^b,c)	PK, Q
38		Laccaria vinaceoavellanea	색시졸각버섯^b)	PK
39	Hygrophoraceae	Hygrocybe cantharellus	화병꽃버섯^b)	PD, Q
40		Hygrocybe conica	꽃버섯^b)	PD
41		Hygrocybe flavescens	노란대꽃버섯^b)	PD
42		Hygrophorus camarophyllus	노란구름벚꽃버섯^b)	LK
43		Hygrophorus lucorum	노란털벚꽃버섯^b)	LK
44	Inocybaceae	Inocybe cincinnata	곱슬머리땀버섯^b)	Q
45		Inocybe lacera	비듬땀버섯^b)	PK
46		Inocybe squamulosa	비늘땀버섯^b)	Q
47		Inosperma cookei	단발머리땀버섯^b)	PK
48	Marasmiaceae	Marasmius brunneospermus	홍릉낙엽버섯^a)	PK
49		Marasmius maximus	큰낙엽버섯^a)	PK
50		Megacollybia clitocyboidea	깔대기큰솔버섯^a)	PD
51		Rhodocollybia butyracea	버터철쭉버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK, Q
52	Mycenaceae	Mycena capillaris	실애주름버섯^a)	Q
53		Mycena chlorophos	받침애주름버섯^a)	LK, PD
54		Mycena flos-nivium	흰주머니털애주름버섯^a)	LK, Q
55		Mycena galericulata	콩나물애주름버섯^a)	PD
56		Mycena haematopus	적갈색애주름버섯^a)	Q
57		Mycena pelianthina	졸각애주름버섯^a)	LK
58		Mycena polygramma	세로줄애주름버섯^a)	Q
59		Mycena pura	맑은애주름버섯^a)	LK, PD, PK, Q
60		Mycena stylobates	빨판애주름버섯^a)	LK, Q
61		Roridomyces roridus	점질버섯^a)	PD, Q
62		Xeromphalina cauticinalis	가랑잎이끼살이버섯^a)	LK, PD
63	Omphalotaceae	Collybiopsis confluens	밀꽃애기버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
64		Collybiopsis peronata	가랑잎꽃애기버섯^a)	PD, PK
65		Gymnopus dryophilus	굽은꽃애기버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
66		Gymnopus erythropus	선녀꽃애기버섯^a)	PD
67	Physalacriaceae	Desarmillaria tabescens	뽕나무버섯부치^d)	PD, PK
68	Pleurotaceae	Pleurotus pulmonarius	산느타리^a)	PD
69	Pluteaceae	Pluteus cervinus	난버섯^a)	LK, Q
70		Pluteus petasatus	흰주머니난버섯^a)	PD
71	Psathyrellaceae	Candolleomyces candolleanus	족제비눈물버섯^a)	PK
72		Coprinellus micaceus	갈색먹물버섯^a)	Q
73		Psathyrella obtusata	애기눈물버섯^a)	Q
74	Strophariaceae	Gymnopilus liquiritiae	미치광이버섯^a)	PK
75		Hypholoma fasciculare	노란개암버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
76		Pholiota tuberculosa	큰머리비늘버섯^a)	PD, PK
77		Pyrrhulomyces astragalinus	개암비늘버섯^a)	LK, PK
78	Tricholomataceae	Clitocybe fragrans	흰주머니삿갓깔때기버섯^a)	PK
79		Infundibulicybe gibba	혹깔때기버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
80		Tricholoma psammopus	치악송이^b)	LK
81		Tricholoma ustale	담갈색송이^b)	PK, Q
82		Tricholomopsis flammula	다홍솔버섯^a)	PK
83	Typhulaceae	Typhula setipes	절반부들국수버섯^a)	PD
84	Auriculariaceae	Auricularia cornea	뿔목이^a)	LK
85		Exidia thuretiana	뭉게좀목이^a)	Q
86		Heterochaete delica	미세돌기목이^a)	LK
87	Boletaceae	Boletus auripes	수원그물버섯^b)	Q
88		Boletus hiratsukae	흑갈색그물버섯^b)	PD
89		Hortiboletus rubellus	황갈색해그물버섯^b)	PD
90		Retiboletus nigerrimus	검은망그물버섯^b)	PD
91		Strobilomyces confusus	털귀신그물버섯^b)	PD, PK, Q
92		Sutorius eximius	은빛쓴맛그물버섯^b)	PD
93		Tylopilus neofelleus	제주쓴맛그물버섯^b)	Q
94		Xanthoconium affine	황금씨그물버섯^b)	PD, PK
95		Xerocomellus chrysenteron	해그물버섯^b)	PD, Q
96		Xerocomus subtomentosus	산그물버섯^b)	PK
97	Suillaceae	Suillus americanus	끈적비단그물버섯^b)	PK
98		Suillus bovinus	황소비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PD
99		Suillus granulatus	젖비단그물버섯^b)	PK
100		Suillus grevillei	큰비단그물버섯^b)	LK
101		Suillus luteus	비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PD
102		Suillus viscidus	녹슬은비단그물버섯^b)	LK, PK
103	Tapinellaceae	Pseudomerulius aureus	주름버짐버섯^a)	PK
104		Tapinella panuoides	은행잎버섯^a)	PD
105	Clavulinaceae	Clavulina rugosa	주름볏싸리버섯^b)	PD
106	Hydnaceae	Cantharellus cibarius	꾀꼬리버섯^b)	PD, Q
107		Cantharellus minor	애기꾀꼬리버섯^b)	Q
108	Geastraceae	Geastrum fimbriatum	테두리방귀버섯^a)	PD
109	Gomphaceae	Ramaria flava	노랑싸리버섯^b)	Q
110		Ramaria formosa	붉은싸리버섯^b)	Q
111	Hymenochaetaceae	Hymenochaete xerantica	금빛진흙버섯^a)	PD, PK,
112	Fomitopsidaceae	Climacocystis borealis	물렁시루버섯^a)	Q
113	Fomitopsidaceae	Tyromyces schweinitzii	해면버섯^d)	LK
114	Meripilaceae	Loweomyces fractipes	편심구멍버섯^a)	PD, PK
115	Polyporaceae	Phaeolus roseoalbus	장미자색구멍버섯^a)	Q
116		Cerioporus varius	노란대구멍장이버섯^a)	LK, Q
117		Lentinus brumalis	겨울구멍장이버섯^a)	PD, Q
118		Microporus affinis	메꽃버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
119		Perenniporia medulla-panis	흰주머니구멍버섯^a)	Q
120		Trametes versicolor	구름송편버섯^a)	LK, Q
121		Trichaptum biforme	테옷솔버섯^a)	Q
122	Polyporaceae	Trichaptum chioneus	개떡버섯^a)	Q
123	Auriscalpiaceae	Lentinellus ursinus	갈색털느타리^a)	PD
124	Russulaceae	Lactarius akahatsu	피젖버섯^b)	PD
125		Lactarius alboroseus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
126		Lactarius citrinus	레몬젖버섯^b)	Q
127		Lactarius controversus	쌈젖버섯^b)	PK
128		Lactarius fulvescens	국명 미정^b,c)	PD
129		Lactarius gerardii	애기젖버섯^b)	Q
130		Lactarius hatsudake	젖버섯아재비^b)	PD, PK
131		Lactarius lutescens	울금젖버섯^b)	PD, PK
132		Lactarius orientaliquietus	동양향기젖버섯^b)	PD, PK
133		Lactarius porniniae	낙엽송젖버섯^b)	LK
134		Lactarius violascens	잿빛젖버섯^b)	Q
135		Lactifluus curvativus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
136		Lactifluus holophyllus	전나무털젖버섯^b)	PK
137		Lactifluus orientivellereus	국명 미정^b,c)	PD
138		Lactifluus orientivolemus	국명 미정^b,c)	Q
139		Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides	넓은갓털젖버섯아재비^b)	LK, Q
140		Russula aeruginea	구릿빛무당버섯^b)	PD, PK
141		Russula alboareolata	목련무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
142		Russula albonigra	검은무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
143		Russula atropurpurea	참무당버섯^b)	Q
144		Russula bella	수원무당버섯^b)	LK, PD, PK, Q
145		Russula compacta	담갈색무당버섯^b)	PD
146		Russula cyanoxantha	청머루무당버섯^b)	Q
147		Russula emetica	무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
148		Russula flavida	노랑무당버섯^b)	Q
149		Russula foetens	깔때기무당버섯^b)	LK, PK
150		Russula nigricans	절구무당버섯^b)	PD, Q
151		Russula rosea	졸각무당버섯^b)	Q
152		Russula sanguinaria	혈색무당버섯^b)	PD, PK
153		Russula senecis	흙무당버섯^b)	PD
154		Russula sororia	회갈색무당버섯^b)	LK
155		Russula vesca	조각무당버섯^b)	Q
156		Russula virescens	기와버섯^b)	PK
157		Russula xerampelina	포도무당버섯^b)	PK
158	Stereaceae	Stereum ostrea	갈색꽃구름버섯^a)	PD, Q
159		Stereum subtomentosum	갈색털꽃구름버섯^a)	Q
160		Xylobolus peculiare	껍질꽃구름버섯^a)	Q
161	Thelephoraceae	Thelephora palmata	단풍사마귀버섯^b)	PD
162	Dacrymycetaceae	Calocera cornea	황소아교뿔버섯^a)	PD, PK, Q
163		Calocera viscosa	아교뿔버섯^a)	LK, PK
164	Tremellaceae	Phaeotremella foliacea	꽃흰주머니목이^a)	Q
165	Trichocomaceae	Paecilomyces variotii	눈꽃동충하초^d)	Q
166	Chlorociboriaceae	Chlorociboria aeruginascens	변형술잔녹청균^a)	PD
167	Cudoniaceae	Spathularia flavida	황금넓적콩나물버섯^a)	LK, PK, Q
168	Dermateaceae	Chlorosplenium chlora	황녹청균^a)	PD
169	Helotiaceae	Calycina citrina	황색고무버섯^a)	PK
170	Hyaloscyphaceae	Lachnum rhytismatis	리트머스털컵버섯^a)	Q
171	Lachnaceae	Erioscyphella abnormis	양털컵버섯^a)	Q
172	Sclerotiniaceae	Dicephalospora rufocornea	국명 미정^a,c)	LK, PD, Q
173	Leotiaceae	Leotia lubrica	콩두건버섯^a)	Q
174	Helvellaceae	Helvella elastica	긴대안장버섯^b)	Q
175		Helvella macropus	기둥안장버섯^b)	PD, Q
176		Helvella sublicia	덧술잔안장버섯^b)	Q
177	Cordycipitaceae	Cordyceps militaris	동충하초^d)	Q
178	Hypoxylaceae	Annulohypoxylon truncatum	검은팥버섯^a)	Q
179	Ophiocordycipitaceae	Ophiocordyceps nutans	노린재포식동충하초^d)	LK, PK
180		Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala	벌포식동충하초^d)	LK, PD, PK, Q
181	Xylariaceae	Xylaria hypoxylon	콩꼬투리버섯^a)	PD, Q

Essential
Field		Sub-Category
Title of Dataset		Data on the Higher Fungi of Mt. Minjuji in Korea
DOI		https://doi.or.kr/10.22756/GEO.20240000000884
Category		Biota, Ecology
Temporal Coverage		2023.05.-2023.10.
Spatial Coverage	Address	Yeongdong-gun, Muju-gun, and Gimcheon-si (Mountain Minjuji)
	WGS84 Coordinates	[Latitude] 36.04-36.04
	WGS84 Coordinates	[Longitude] 127.87-127.87
Personnel	Name	Ju-Kyeong Eo
	Affiliation	National Institute of Ecology
	E-mail	abiesendo@gmail.com
CC License		CC BY-NC
Optional
Field		Sub-Category
Summary of Dataset		The funga of higher fungi of Mountain Minjuji in Korea
Project		Investigation of fungal diversity for mycofabrication
Instrument		Field survey

Table 1. List of macrofungal species collected from mongolian oak forest in Mountain Minjuji

Korean names of the mushrooms were obtained from the national species list of Korea (NIBR, 2019) and index of Korean mushroom (Park and Lee, 2010).

PK, Pinus koraiensis; PD, Pinus densiflora; LK, Larix kaempferi; Q, Quercus sp.

Saprophytic fungi;

Mycorrhizal fungi;

Reported as a scientific name because there is no current Korean name;

Parasitic fungi.

Articles

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Investigation of fungal diversity for mycofabrication

3. Results and discussion

Notes

References

Appendix

Appendix 1.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Table 1.